摘要 《中国支付清算发展报告（2019）》是国家金融与发展实验室支付清算研究中心（中国社会科学院金融研究所支付清算研究中心）推出的系列年度报告的第七本。报告旨在系统分析国内外支付清算行业与市场的发展状况，充分把握国内外支付清算领域的制度、规则和政策演进，深入发掘支付清算相关变量与宏观经济、金融及政策变量之间的内在关联，动态跟踪国内外支付清算研究的理论前沿。报告致力于为支付清算行业监管部门、自律组织及其他经济主管部门提供重要的决策参考，为支付清算组织和金融机构的相关决策提供基础材料，为支付清算领域的研究者提供文献素材。自2013年出版第一本报告之后，连续六本都引起了政策层、实务界和理论界的高度重视与社会的广泛关注。  支付清算市场发展的核心问题，就是如何处理好效率与安全的“跷跷板”。一方面，在不断加强金融监管、防范系统性风险的大背景下，支付清算强监管将是未来几年的政策基调，支付市场规范发展也是一项长期性任务。另一方面，伴随着新技术的快速发展，支付清算体系也迎来了日新月异的变化，尤其是在零售支付工具领域，各种创新令人眼花缭乱，不断改变着百姓的日常生活。应该说，近年来，我国以移动支付为代表的新金融创新受到全球关注，但是与支付清算领域的表面繁荣相比，整个理论研究的进展严重滞后于行业和市场的发展，这也导致了在政策与实践中难以形成共识，经常陷入各种争议和矛盾。 本报告由总报告和专题报告两部分构成。总报告全面分析了我国支付清算体系的发展历程、现状特点、存在问题及发展趋势，并且运用量化分析工具考察了支付清算体系与宏观经济运行以及支付清算体系运行与区域经济和金融发展、金融系统稳定、货币政策等的内在关联；专题报告跟踪分析了国内外支付清算体系的发展状况、热点与难点问题，系统梳理了近期支付领域的相关研究文献。期待本报告能够成为一个重要平台，用来促进我们与各界同人加强交流与合作，共同为中国支付清算体系的创新与发展做出贡献。   Abstract China Payment and Settlement System Development Report (2019), as the annual report of Research Center of Payment & Settlement, aims to summarize and reflect the various aspects of China's payment and settlement system and their implication for real economy. It tries to cover the reform and evolution of institutions, rules、and policies on payment and settlement system over the world and track the theoretical frontiers in this area. With ample data and detailed analysis, the report tries to provide reliable and useful references for financial institutes, academic researchers, and regulatory authority. Since its first publication in 2013,the five issues of the annual report have attracted general and intense attention of academics, market professionals, and policy makers. The key issue in the development of payment market is the balance between efficiency and security. On the one hand, against the background of strengthening financial supervision and preventing systemic risk, the regulation of payment market will be a basic and long-term task. On the other hand, with the rapid development of technology, our payment and settlement systems are evolving at a breathless pace. Especially in the area of retail payment, all kind of innovations are changing people's routine life. The financial innovations in China, especially those in mobile payments, have attracted the world's attention. However, the progress of payment theories is seriously lagging behind the development of industry and market, which contributes to the controversies in policy and practice. The report consists of two parts: general reports and special topics. The general report presents a panorama of China's payment and settlement system, including its evolution path, current status, existed problems, and future trends and explores the relationship between payment system indexes with macroeconomic variables, regional development, financial risk, and monetary policy with quantitative methods. Special topics keep a track of the development in domestic and foreign payment and settlement systems as well as the hot issues in this area and provide a selective survey of the literature in FinTech and payment innovation. We expect this report to become a platform for the communication between Research Center of Payment & Settlement and all the peoples and institutes interested in this significant area to contribute to the development of China's payment and settlement system.

本文以经济体系为核心概念，综合运用政治经济学、微观经济学与宏观经济学方法，建立一个逻辑框架，阐述现代化经济体系建设的理论逻辑。主要结论如下:(1) 建设现代化经济体系本质上是经济体系转换的过程，即从传统经济体系转换到现代化经济体系; 具体包括“四个转向”: 社会主要矛盾、资源配置方式、产业体系、增长阶段等方面的特征性变化。(2) 与“四个转向”相对应，现代化经济体系运转体现为“四个机制”，即社会主要矛盾的性质决定了资源配置方式的选择，资源配置方式决定产业体系特征，产业体系特征与经济增长阶段一致，高速增长引起社会主要矛盾转化。上述结果表明，现代化经济体系建设是社会经济系统的综合转型，是中国经济走向高质量发展的必由之路。